Minimally invasive medical implant and insertion device and method for using the same

ABSTRACT

A medical implant and method for implantation of the same. One embodiment is an implant for use in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence that includes an implantable, elongated tape having a multiplicity of openings formed through the thickness thereof, the tape having a first end region and a second end region longitudinally opposite the first end region, and first and second bio-compatible fixation elements attached to the first and second end regions of the tape respectively. Each bio-compatible fixation element has a tissue adherence property greater than that of the tape.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. Nos. 60/591,648, filed on Jul. 28, 2004, and ______,filed on Jul. 27, 2005.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates generally to minimally invasive medical implantsand procedures for their use and insertion device for implanting thesame, having particular application for treating urinary incontinence.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a female medical condition commonlyassociated with weakening of the pelvic muscles and/or connectivetissues that support the urethra in its proper position. As a result ofthis condition, involuntary urine leakage occurs from simple physicalactivity, such as running or jumping, and even coughing or sneezing, asthe urethra is not properly supported and does not remain fully closedduring such activity.

A widely accepted medical procedure to correct SUI is the insertion of atension-free or trans-vaginal tape that is surgically implanted in thepelvic tissue and that extends under and provides support for theurethra when pressure is exerted thereon.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,899,909, the disclosure of which is incorporated hereinby reference, describes in detail a typical procedure for treating SUIusing a trans-vaginal tape. The tape is implanted by passing anelongated curved needle that is attached to one end of the tape throughan incision in the vaginal wall, to one lateral side of the urethra,through the pelvic tissue behind the pubic bone, and exiting out throughan incision made in the abdominal wall. The procedure is repeated forthe other end of the mesh tape, this time on the other lateral side ofthe urethra, with the needle exiting through a second incision made inthe abdominal wall of the patient. After the mesh tape is adjusted forproper support of the urethra, its free ends extending outside of theabdominal wall are trimmed. Over time, fibroblasts grow into the meshtape to anchor the tape in the surrounding tissue. Thus, the tape isleft as an implant in the body to form an artificial ligament supportingthe urethra in order to restore urinary continence. In another knownmethod for implanting a trans-vaginal tape, the tape is inserted in asomewhat similar manner, but is brought out through the obturator holeand exits the body through a small incision in the upper leg.

The use of trans-vaginal tape for treating SUI has a number ofadvantages. It does not need to be attached through bone anchors,sutures or any other element to secure the tape in place, and there isminimal scarring. The procedure takes about 30 to 50 minutes, and may beperformed on an outpatient basis under local, regional or generalanesthesia. One of the few disadvantages of known procedures forimplanting sub-urethral tapes is that the use of needles to pass thetape through the body poses a risk for vessel, bladder and bowelperforation. Also they require two separate, minimal incisions madethrough the abdominal wall (for a retropubic approach) or the upper leg(for an obtuator approach) through which exit the curved needles andattached tape is passed. This, of course, increases the risk ofpost-operative pain and/or infection to at least a small degree.

Accordingly, what is needed is an improved sub-urethral tape, and deviceand method for implanting the same.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an implant for use in the treatment ofstress urinary incontinence in a patient that includes an implantable,elongated tape having a multiplicity of openings formed through thethickness thereof, the tape having a first end region and a second endregion longitudinally opposite the first end region, and first andsecond bio-compatible fixation elements attached to the first and secondend regions of the tape respectively, with each bio-compatible fixationelement having a tissue adherence property greater than that of thetape.

Also provided is an implant for use in the treatment of stress urinaryincontinence in a patient including an implantable, elongated tapehaving a multiplicity of openings formed through the thickness thereof,the tape having a first end region and a second end regionlongitudinally opposite the first end region, and first and secondbio-compatible fixation elements attached to the first and second endregions of the tape respectively, with each bio-compatible fixationelement having a stiffness greater than that of the tape.

A method of implanting an implant in a patient for the treatment ofstress urinary incontinence is also provided, wherein the methodincludes the steps of providing an implant including an implantable,elongated tape portion having a multiplicity of openings formed throughthe thickness thereof, and having a first end region and a second endregion longitudinally opposite the first end, and first and secondbio-compatible fixation elements attached to the first and second endregions of the tape respectively. Each bio-compatible fixation elementhas a tissue adherence property greater than that of the tape. Themethod further includes the steps of making an incision in the vaginalwall of the patient, inserting the first fixation element and attachedtape through the incision and into the pelvic or any obturator tissue ofthe patient on one lateral side of the urethra and without exiting thebody, inserting the second fixation element and attached tape throughthe incision and into the pelvic or any obturator tissue of the patientand on an opposite lateral side of the urethra without exiting the bodysuch that the tape forms a loop partially around the urethra to providesupport for the urethra, and leaving the implant implanted in the bodyof the patient.

Finally, a method is also provided for implanting an implant in apatient for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence which includesthe steps of providing an implant including an implantable, elongatedtape portion having a multiplicity of openings formed through thethickness thereof, and having a first end region and a second end regionlongitudinally opposite the first end, and first and secondbio-compatible fixation elements attached to the first and second endregions of the tape respectively. Each bio-compatible fixation elementhas a stiffness and/or tissue adherence property greater than that ofthe tape. The method further includes the steps of making an incision inthe vaginal wall of the patient, inserting the first fixation elementand attached tape through the incision and into connective tissueattached to the pubic bone to a first side of the patient's urethra,inserting the second fixation element and attached tape through theincision and into connective tissue attached to the pubic bone on theopposite side of the patient's urethra such that the tape forms a looppartially around the urethra to provide support for the urethra, andleaving the implant implanted in the body of the patient.

The present invention also provides an implant for medical procedureshaving a mesh structure having a multiplicity of openings formed throughthe thickness thereof, with the mesh structure having at least a firstconnection region and a second connection region, and first and secondbio-compatible fixation elements attached to the first and secondconnection regions respectively. The bio-compatible fixation elementseach have a tissue adherence property greater than that of the mesh.

Yet another implant for medical procedures is provided including a meshstructure having a multiplicity of openings formed through the thicknessthereof, with the mesh structure having at least a first connectionregion and a second connection region, and first and secondbio-compatible fixation elements attached to the first and secondconnection regions respectively. The bio-compatible fixation elementshave a substantially planar and rectangular configuration and have astiffness greater than that of the mesh structure.

These and other objects, features and advantages of the presentinvention will be apparent from the following detailed description ofillustrative embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connection withthe accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of one example, of a medical implant inaccordance with the present invention which is particularly suited fortreatment of stress urinary incontinence.

FIG. 2 is a bottom isometric view of the implant shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged isometric view of a portion of the implant formedin accordance with the present invention and shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a partially exploded isometric view of the implant shown inFIG. 1 and shown with one example of a protective sheath.

FIG. 4A is a partially exploded isometric view of the implant shown inFIG. 4 with another form of a protective sheath shown in an open stateto receive the tape.

FIG. 4B is an isometric view of the implant and protective sheath shownin FIG. 4, the protective sheath being shown folded to at leastpartially envelop the tape.

FIG. 4C is a partially exploded isometric view of the implant shown inFIG. 4 with yet a further form of a protective sheath shown in an openstate to receive the tape.

FIG. 5 is a top plan view of a portion of an implant formed inaccordance with another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the implant shown in FIG. 5, takenalong line 6-6 of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of an implant of the presentinvention being surgically implanted in the body of a patient prior tosheath removal.

FIG. 8 is one diagrammatic illustration of an implant of the presentinvention shown surgically implanted in the body of a patient afterproper placement and sheath removal.

FIG. 9 is a partial isometric and exploded view of one form of aninsertion tool, shown overlying one end of an implant, both of which areformed in accordance with the present invention, for surgicallyimplanting the implant in the body of a patient.

FIG. 10 illustrates one end of another embodiment of an implantaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 10 a illustrates the shape of the implant of FIG. 10 when implantedand under tension.

FIG. 11 illustrates another embodiment of an implant according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view illustrating another embodiment of aninsertion device according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 a illustrates the device of FIG. 12 with the implant holdingelement in a second position.

FIG. 13 is a side view of the insertion device of FIG. 12.

FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of the distal end region of the insertiondevice of FIG. 12 holding an implant.

FIGS. 15 a-c illustrates various insertion steps using an implant andinsertion device according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 illustrates an alternative placement of an implant according tothe present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Although the present invention is described in detail in relation to itsuse as a sub-urethral tape for treating stress urinary incontinence, itis to be understood that the invention is not so limited, as there arenumerous other applications suitable for such an implant. For example,implants incorporating novel features described herein could be used forrepairing pelvic floor defects such as, but not limited to, cystocelesand rectoceles, and for hernia repair or other prolapse conditions, orfor supporting or otherwise restoring other types of tissue.

Turning initially to FIGS. 1-3 of the drawings, one embodiment of animplant 2 in the form of a sub-urethral tape particularly suited for thetreatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) includes an implantable,elongated tape 4. The main tape portion 4 has a multiplicity of openingsformed through the thickness thereof, and includes a first end 6 and asecond end 8 longitudinally opposite the first end 6.

Preferably, the tape 4 is formed as a mesh or netting with openingsformed through the thickness thereof of the order of about 1 millimeterto allow fibroblasts to grow into the tape for securing the tape in thesurrounding tissue of the patient. A suitable material for the tape isPROLENE®, which is a knitted or woven polypropylene mesh having athickness of approximately 0.7 millimeters, and which is manufactured byEthicon, Inc., Somerville, N.J. This material is approved by the FDA inthe United States for implantation into the human body.

The PROLENE® tape mentioned above is a non-absorbable mesh. However, itis envisioned to be within the scope of the invention to have the tape 4formed of a knitted or woven material or netting that is bioabsorbableover time, or that can vary in pore size, fiber thickness, construction,size and/or properties.

The elongated tape 4 may be coated on one or more sides with afibroblast stimulating substance, for example, an enamel matrixderivative.

In a further embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a plurality of spacedapart synthetic filament tangles 10 may be attached to the top side 12and/or the opposite bottom side 14 of the tape 4 so as to extendoutwardly from the surfaces of the top and bottom sides for stimulatingscar tissue growth and attachment to the tape 4.

The visible mesh tape 4 will be suitably dimensioned in accordance withits application(s) as described. For example, one embodiment describedin detail below that is particularly suitable for treatment of stressurinary incontinence in women has a width of approximately 10-12millimeters, and has a length L₁ between about 15 millimeters and about150 millimeters, preferably 40 millimeters. The total length of theimplant L₂ including the fixation elements 16 can be from about 35millimeters up to about 250 millimeters, and preferably about 80 mmmillimeters. As will be explained in greater detail below, the length ofthe implant 2 may vary since the fixation elements 16 may be trimmed orcut transversely depending upon the insertion method and the needs ofthe physician during surgical implantation of the tape. Further, thelength may vary according to the desired use and/or placement of theimplant

Returning again to FIGS. 1-3, the implant may further include abio-compatible and preferably bio-absorbable polymer fixation element 16attached to each of the first and second end regions 6, 8 of the visiblemain tape portion 4. In one embodiment, each bio-absorbable polymerfixation element 16 has tissue adherence properties for securing in vivothe implant to surrounding tissue of the patient in whom the implant isimplanted without requiring any other means for physical attachment suchas anchoring mechanisms or the like. By “tissue adherence property” whatis meant is the ability of the implant to have relative immediate andpositionable fixation (even if by temporary means) into sturdy tissuewithout the need for immediate tissue ingrowth. In yet anotherembodiment, the fixation elements simply have a stiffness greater thanthat of the main tape portion, which enables the fixation elements to befirmly held on to the insertion device, and when implanted withinsuitably sturdy tissue such as connective tissue, to be firmly heldwithin the tissue. Other means for stiffening may also be used.

According to a preferred embodiment, the bio-absorbable fixationelements 16 are created by assembling material or components of aproduct sold under the name ETHISORB® Dura Patch, sold by Codman, aJohnson & Johnson company, which is mainly a VICRYL® polyglactinsynthetic surgical composite material which is used for tissuereinforcement in surgery. VICRYL® is a material manufactured by Ethicon,Inc. of Somerville, N.J. ETHISORB® Dura Patch includes a fleece madefrom VICRYL®(polyglactin 910) and PDS (poly-p-dioxanone) undyed yarnwhich is sandwiched on one side with a piece of dyed poly-p-dioxanonefilm. The film and fleece are bonded together in a thermal process,which leaves the film intact as a sheet. The film is dyed violet withD&C Violet No. 2 (color index No. 60725). According to one embodiment,the ends of the PROLENE® tape can be sandwiched between two pieces ofETHISORB® Dura patch, with the components being thermally bondedtogether. According to a preferred embodiment, however, the VICRYL® andPDS components of ETHISORB® Dura patch are used to make the fleeceportion, as well as the same dyed poly-p-dioxanone film. The separatecomponents, the fleece pad and the dyed poly-p-dioxanone film sheet, areplaced on one side of the PROLENE® tape and a second fleece pad and dyedpoly-p-dioxanone film sheet are placed on other side. The 5-pieceassembly is then placed into a thermal process to bond the componentstogether. The thermal process is controlled to maintain the temperaturesuch that it only will melt the PDS yarn and dyed poly-p-dioxanone film.Use of the separate components provides a non-pressed fleece thatfacilitates subsequent bonding of the two film sheets through the mesh,since the two fluffy fleece layers integrate into the weave of thePROLENE® mesh during pressing. After the thermal pressing process, thedyed poly-p-dioxanone film sheets no longer exist, as they are meltedforming a plethora of bond points between the mesh and fleece layers.

The fleece component described above is made from absorbable materials,but could conceivable be made from non-absorbable material or acombination thereof. The process of making the fleece starts similar toother textiles where relatively straight yarn is taken in a preferredratio, with the ratio of VICRYL® to PDS in the preferred embodimentbeing approximately 8:1. The single yarn strands are spun together usingcommon textile techniques, and the new strand is woven into a sock likestructure that is approximately 1-2 inches in diameter and of acontinuous length. The sock or tube like structure is woven so that thelead thread can be pulled to unravel the tube, which kinks the otherwiserelatively straight 8:1 strand.

The sock or tube is fed into a loom, and a loose scarf-like materialsheet is woven approximately 8 inches wide. Because the kinked 8:1strand was used, the resulting scarf structure is fluffy. The scarf isthen cut into lengths of approximately 12-18 inches. The cut length isthen place on a non heated plate, and a heated plate then dropped overthe non-heated plate trapping the scarf between a defined gap. As thetemperature of the scarf increases to a predetermined temperature thatis below the PDS yarns melting point, small melting points are generatedthat hold the shape of the new fluffy fleece structure. As theindividual PDS yarn strands shrink and melt slightly they pull theVICRYL® yarn strands with it. Further, as the original scarf shrinks, itgets both thicker and smaller as the open weave of the scarf closes up.The resulting new material is an exemplary “fleece like material” asreferenced above.

Although one preferred embodiment is described above, it is recognizedthat improvements can be made that are intended to be within the scopeof the present invention. For instance, one may alter the compositionalratio of absorbable polymers making up the material. That is, use moreof the poly(L(−)-lactide-co-glycolide) component and less of thepoly(p-dioxanone) component, or vice versa. It is also recognized thatin the case of the lactide/glycolide copolymer, one might alter therelative amounts of the co-monomers. Thus one might slightly increasethe lactide level in the copolymer to reduce crystallinity and increasethe rate at which the component is absorbed. It is also recognized thatthe geometrical nature of the fibrous components of the fleece can bealtered to provide enhanced gripping of the tissue surfaces. One mayprovide a more non-circular cross-section of the fibrous components,such as a cross-section that is flatter. A star-shaped cross-sectionmight also be utilized to enhance gripping.

Further, other absorbable polymers might be utilized to advantage inpracticing the present invention. Of particular utility are theabsorbable or bioabsorbable polymers prepared from lactone monomersselected from the group consisting of p-dioxanone, glycolide,L(-)-lactide, D(+)-lactide, meso-lactide, ε-caprolactone andtrimethylene carbonate or combinations thereof. In those surgical casesin which tissue repair is compromised, such as in diabetic or elderlypatients, the absorption profile of the fixation elements might beadjusted accordingly. Thus, one might make use of a high-lactide(co)polymer, such as 95/5 poly(L(−)-lactide-co-glycolide) to advantage.

Besides the absorbable polymers prepared from lactone monomers describedabove, one might utilize oxidized regenerated cellulose, also known asORC. This material, especially in a non-neutralized state, is known toadhere to bodily tissue. The extent of oxidation and acidity could beadjusted to enhance the adherence and also provide anti-bacterialactivity.

In a further aspect of the invention, the absorbable polymers may becombined with antimicrobial agents to provide an added benefit. It isrecognized that other active ingredients might be added to provideenhanced characteristics, such as pain reduction agents, etc. The agentsmay be added to the polymer prior to formation of the final material,added to the final material once fabricated, or added to the fixationelements once fabricated.

It would not be unreasonable to assume that there are certain surgicalsituations in which a non-absorbable permanent fixation elements wouldbe preferred. In this case the fixation elements could be fabricatedfrom a variety of materials, including but not limited to non-absorbablepolymers, metals, or ceramics. Non-absorbable polymers include thepolyolefins, such as polyethylene or polypropylene; polyurethanes;polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate or polybutyleneterephthalate; and polyamides, also known as nylons, such as nylon-6,nylon-66, or nylon-12.

As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 3 and as described above, eachfixation element 16 may include a first top portion 18 and a secondbottom portion 20. The first portion 18 is attached to the top side ofthe tape and the second portion 20 is attached to the bottom side of thetape. The tape may extend along only a portion of the length of thefixation element, or in alternate embodiments may extend fully along thelength or simply secured to the extreme ends of the tape. The fixationelement portions 18, 20 may alternatively be attached to the tape 4 byother well-known methods, such as by using bio-compatible adhesives orthe like.

The polymer fixation elements 16 of the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3 includea central body portion 22 and a plurality of longitudinally spaced apartfinger portions 24 extending outward laterally in opposite directionsfrom the central body portion 22. Preferably, each finger portion 24 isgenerally triangular in shape, with the polymer fixation element 16taking on a generally arrow configuration, with a broad base 26 at oneend and a triangular or arrowhead-shaped tip portion 28 at the otherend. The plurality of triangular-shaped finger portions 24 extendlaterally outwardly between the base 26 and triangular tip portion 28.

The triangular-shaped finger portions 24 may be spaced apartlongitudinally from adjacent finger portions by about 3-5 millimeters,and the fingers on either side of the center portion may be shifted tofurther enhance adjustability. The width of each polymer fixationelement 16 measured between the most lateral extent of transverselydisposed finger portions 24 is preferably about 11 millimeters, which isthe preferred width of the tape 4 and the implant 2 overall. In analternate embodiment, the fingers may be very closely spaced, on theorder of 0.02 to 1.0 millimeters, and may have any configuration otherthan triangular, so as not to resemble visible fingers. The implant mayfurther include interruptions in the pitch between the “fingers.” Forexample, in one preferred embodiment, the “fingers” are spaced apartlongitudinally by approximately 0.05 mm, with every other one removed.Alternatively, an irregular cut surface that has no defined spacinglongitudinally along it can be used on one or both sides.

The finger portions 24 can be sharp, but preferably are formed with aradius of about 0.1 and 2 millimeter at their most laterally outwardlyextending part 30, and are formed with a radius of about 0.1 and 2millimeter at their most inwardly extending part 30, i.e., the area inbetween adjacent laterally outwardly extending portions 30 thereof, andthe triangular tip 28 of each fixation element 16 has a transverse widthof about 11 millimeters and a longitudinal length that can vary from3-10 millimeters. Furthermore, the fixation elements 16 may be trimmedor cut across their transverse width if the physician needs to shortenthe overall length of the implant 2.

With this particular shape, the polymer fixation elements 16 areenvisioned to adhere to and/or engage the surrounding tissue, minimizingbackward slippage or forward sliding after the implant 2 is surgicallyimplanted in the patient. It is preferred that each fixation element 16have a stiffness that is greater than the stiffness of the mesh tapeportion 4 in order to provide some rigidity and maintain its overallshape. This prevents or minimizes slippage with respect to thesurrounding tissue to which they adhere and maintains the overallintegrity of the fixation elements during surgical implantation.Stiffness of the whole fixation area can be changed through choice ofmanufacturing process.

Although the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3 incorporates the finger portionsdescribed above, the fixation areas may also simply have a rectangularconfiguration, as shown in FIG. 10, so long as the fixation areas arecomprised of a material having a suitable stiffness and/or tissueadhesive properties to secure the tape in place, such as the materialdescribed above. In the embodiment of FIG. 10, a lower edge 17 of thefixation area 16 has a cross-sectional area (along line a-a) that isslightly larger than that of the mesh to which it attaches. Thisdifference in cross-sectional area may also be increased duringimplantation since typically the tension on the mesh causes the mesh toassume a slightly reduced width as shown in FIG. 10 a.

As shown in FIG. 9 in particular, each fixation element 16 may furtherinclude one or more holes 34, openings, slits or the like formed throughthe thickness thereof and longitudinally spaced apart from each other.These holes 34 may cooperate with one embodiment of an insertion tool 36for properly positioning the free ends of the implant 2 in the pelvic orobturator tissue of the patient. Such an insertion tool 36 may includean elongated rod 38 which may be bendable to a desired curvature by thephysician and which retains its configured shape during the surgicalprocedure. The rod 38 includes a proximate end 40 for grasping by thephysician, and a distal end 42 opposite the proximate end 40 forinsertion through an incision made in the top vaginal wall of a patient.The distal end portion 42 includes one or more prongs 44 extendingradially outwardly from the rod 38 and spaced apart from one another.Each prong 44 has a diameter that is equal to or slightly less than thediameter of the holes 34 formed in the fixation elements 16, andadjacent prongs 44 are separated from one another a distance equal tothe spacing between adjacent holes 34 formed in the fixation elements.Accordingly, the prongs 44 of the insertion tool 36 are receivable bythe holes 34 formed in the fixation elements 16 so that each free end ofthe implant 2 may be selectively secured to the distal end 42 of theinsertion tool for proper placement within the pelvic tissue of thepatient. Once properly positioned, the implant 2 may be separated fromthe insertion tool 36 by the physician manipulating the proximate end inorder to maneuver the distal end 42 of the insertion tool slightly awayfrom the implant 2 so that the prongs 44 are released from theirrespective holes 34 in the fixation elements. Various other methods ofinsertion will also be apparent to those skilled in the art, such as anyvariation of a forcep used to position the fixation areas, or otherinsertion tools having suitable means by which to grasp and/or positionthe fixation areas of an implant. Another preferred embodiment of aninsertion device will be described in detail below.

A second reason for having such holes 34 formed through the thickness ofthe fixation elements 16 is that they facilitate the in-growth of tissuethrough the fixation elements to further adhere them to the surroundingtissue.

As shown in FIG. 4 of the drawings, according to one embodiment, theimplant 2, and in particular the tape 4 is covered on its top and bottomsides with a removable plastic sheath 46. Each sheath 46 may include acut or perforation 48 extending at least partially across its width atits midpoint that overlies the midpoint of the implant 2 to facilitateits removal from the top and bottom sides 12, 14 of the tape 4. It mayfurther include a line or other marking 50 running transversely acrossthe middle of the sheath 46, with such line or other marking 50 beingpositioned at the midpoint of the implant 2 so as to indicate to thephysician where the midpoint of the tape resides during the surgicalimplantation procedure. Forceps may be used to remove the sheath 46 fromthe top and bottom sides 12, 14 of the tape 4 during the implantationprocedure. The sheaths 46 may prevent the tape 4 from catching on thesurrounding tissue during insertion and positioning of the implant 2within the patient's body. Each sheath 46 preferably extends slightlybeyond the width of the tape 4 to ensure that the top and bottom sides12, 14 and the lateral edges of the tape 4 will not catch on thesurrounding tissue during the surgical procedure. A sheath may alsoallow protection against contamination or damage.

Other forms of protective sheaths are illustrated by FIGS. 4A-4C. Morespecifically, FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate protective sheaths for the implantthat are formed as wrappers that may be folded over the implant to atleast partially envelop the tape during implantation.

Turning initially to FIGS. 4A and 4B, the protective sheath 46′ includesa back piece 60, preferably formed of two segments 61 positionedend-to-end. In relation to the tape, the two segments 61 meet inpreferably the middle of the tape and extend perpendicularly outwardlyfrom the outer surface of the back piece to define together a tab 62.Each segment 61 of the back piece 60 forming the tab 62 may be graspedby the physician using forceps to remove the protective sheath 46′ fromthe implant 2 after it has been properly positioned and implanted in thepatient.

The protective sheath 46′ further includes foldable lateral pieces 64attached to and extending from opposite sides of the back piece 60 atleast partially along the longitudinal length of the back piece. As canbe seen in FIG. 4B, the implant 2 and sheath 46′ are assembled such thatthe bottom side of the implant rests on the inner surface of the backpiece 62, and the lateral pieces 64 of the sheath are folded over thetop side of the implant. The lateral pieces 64 of the sheath 46′ may bedimensioned to meet each other at their free edges along thelongitudinal centerline of the implant, or may be dimensioned so thatone lateral piece extends partially overlapping the other lateral piece.

Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the protective sheath 46′ mayfurther include axial end pieces 66 attached to and extending fromopposite axial sides of the back piece 60. Each axial end piece 66 ispreferably dimensioned to have a width and length that conform to thewidth and length of the central body portion 22 of each fixation element16 so that they cover only one side of the central body portion 22,leaving the other side of the central body portion 22, and both sides ofthe finger portions 24, exposed. In this way, during implantation andwith the protective sheath 46′ affixed to the implant 2, the exposedportions of the fixation elements 16 will contact and be able to adhereto the surrounding tissue of the patient.

FIG. 4C illustrates another form of a protective sheath 46″ for use withthe implant of the present invention. This sheath 46″ is the same asthat shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, except that it is formed in twolongitudinally disposed, individually foldable halves, i.e., the backpiece 60 and opposite lateral pieces 64 are each formed by two separablesegments 68 positioned longitudinally to each other in an end-to-endfashion. Each half portion segment 68 of the sheath 46″ may be removedseparately in the same manner as described previously, that is, by thephysician grasping portions of the sheath back piece forming the tab 62with forceps, so that one half segment 68 of the sheath 46″ may beremoved, if desired, during partial implantation of the implant, or bothhalf segments 68 may be removed after both ends of the implant 2 havebeen properly positioned and implanted in the patient.

Additionally, the tape 4 may have its top side 12 formed with onemarking, such as a first color, and its bottom side 14 formed withanother marking, such as a second color that is different from the firstmarking or color. This will allow the physician to know whether the tape4 is or has twisted during the surgical implantation procedure. In otherwords, one of the top and bottom sides 12, 14 of the implant 2 should befacing toward the urethra as it is looped partially thereabout, and theother of the top and bottom sides 12, 14, having a different color orother marking which is visible to the physician, should be facing awayfrom the urethra during its surgical implantation in the patient. Ofcourse, it is envisioned that the sheath 46, 46′, 46″, instead of theimplant 2, may be similarly colored or include distinguishing markings.

In addition to the mentioned markings on the fixation ends, the mesh orsheath may be marked to describe the center of the mesh loop or a zonemay be marked to help the physician symmetrically locate the mesh looprelatively to the urethra during implantation.

FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate one procedure for surgically implanting animplant 2 of the present invention in a patient to treat stress urinaryincontinence (SUI). First, a small incision 52 is made in the topvaginal wall 54. The physician attaches the distal end 42 of theinsertion tool 36 to one fixation element 16 of the implant 2 byinserting the prongs 44 into their corresponding holes 34 formed throughthe fixation element. The physician may bend the insertion tool towhatever curvature he feels is necessary to aid in the implantationprocedure.

By manipulating the proximate end 40 of the insertion tool 36, thephysician directs the distal end 42 of the tool with one end of theimplant 2 attached thereto through the surgical incision 52 and into thesoft tissue on one lateral side of the urethra 56 and behind the pubicbone 58. The transverse marking(s) 50 on the sheath 46, 46′, 46″ willindicate to the physician the midpoint or mid-zone of the implant 2 sothat the physician can judge the extent of tissue penetration andwhether further insertion is required. Due to its inherent tendency toadhere to the surrounding tissue, the fixation element 16 secures thefree end of the implant 2 to the surrounding tissue it contacts. Thephysician now manipulates the insertion tool 36 such that it freesitself of the fixation element 16 and is removed, leaving the first halfof the implant 2 implanted in the patient.

With the described insertion concept, and after insertion of the firstfixation element, the physician may recognize that the implant is toolong by comparing the middle marking or mid-zone of the implant with theposition of the urethra. If necessary, the second fixation element 16 ofthe described implant may be trimmed to compensate for the difference inlength. Once trimmed to length, the physician then attaches the distalend 42 of the insertion tool to the fixation element 16 at the other endof the implant 2, and directs the tool again through the vaginal wallincision 52 and so as to pass through the soft tissue on the otherlateral side of the urethra 56 and behind the pubic bone 58. Thephysician then separates the insertion tool 36 from the fixation element16 at this second end of the implant 2 and removes the tool, leaving thetape in place and partially looped around preferably the middle of theurethra 56. The second fixation area 16 adheres to the surroundingtissue it contacts and holds the second half of the implant 2 in place.During this procedure, the physician may check the color or othermarking on the top and bottom sides 12, 14 of the implant 2 or thesheaths 46, 46′, 46″ to ensure that the tape is not twisted. Ifnecessary, the physician may trim one or both fixation elements 16 toadjust the length of the implant.

The physician now uses forceps to separate and remove the plasticsheaths 46, 46′, 46″ that cover the top and bottom sides 12, 14 of thetape 4. The exposed tape is left implanted in the patient so that, overtime, fibroblasts will proliferate and grow into the tape for securingthe tape in the surrounding tissue. The fixation elements 16 fulfilltheir purpose for temporarily securing the implant. After absorption ofthe ETHISORB, the complete mesh length (including the parts in betweenthe fixation elements) will have in-growth into surrounding tissue,leaving the implanted tape to provide support for the urethra 56.

Referring once again to the embodiments of FIGS. 10, 10 a and 14,another embodiment of an inserter particularly suited for use with theimplants of the present disclosure is shown further in FIGS. 12-14. Theinserter 100 preferably includes a first inserter device 102 having acontour or the like (see FIG. 13) that is particularly suited tosubstantially follow the desired insertion path as will be describedfurther below. In the illustrated embodiment, the inserter includes adistal end region 103 including a tissue penetrating distal tip 104. Thetissue penetrating distal tip preferably includes a cutting edge asopposed to a blunt edge. The first inserter device 102 includes asubstantially planar portion 108, and a proximal end region 106including a substantially curved portion 110. The substantially planarportion preferably has a length 11 of approximately 1.2 inches, and awidth of approximately 0.32 inches. Further, the curved portion 110preferably has a length l₂ of approximately 1.5 inches overapproximately 50 degrees. Preferably, the substantially planar portionis tangent to the curved portion 110, and a substantially straightproximal portion 113 of the first inserter device is positionapproximately 40 degrees to the tangent of the curved portion 110.

In the illustrated embodiment, the inserter also includes a stiffeningelement 116 that is coupled to and preferably has a substantiallycomplementary periphery to the substantially planar portion of the firstinserter device. The stiffening element provides additional stiffness tothe inserter in the area to which the implant is secured as will bedescribed in greater detail below. The stiffening element preferably isspaced slightly apart from the first inserter device, on the order ofapproximately 0.006 inches, by a plurality of small protrusions 130 orthe like on either the inserter device or the stiffening element inorder to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of gas sterilizationprocedures by allowing sterilization gases to more freely flow betweenthe parts. This stiffening element is a thin hardened material having anouter cutting edge 105, and a width w₁ that is slightly greater thanthat of the first inserter device 102, preferably on the order of 0.015inches wider.

In the illustrated embodiment, the stiffening element also includes afirst pass through element 132 that preferably is a spring type element.The first pass through element has a front portion 115 and a rearportion 117 (see FIGS. 13 and 14), both of which preferably extendupward substantially perpendicularly from the stiffening element. Aswill be described further below, when an implant is secured to theinserter, the first pass through element extends at least partially upthrough an aperture in the implant, so that the front portion 115prevents rearward movement of the implant relative to the inserter andthe rear portion 117 prevents forward movement of the implant relativeto the inserter. Further, when an implant is secured to the inserter,the spring type nature of the first pass through element biases it toreturn to a position that is more flush with the inserter. Thus, whenthe capture element 118 is retracted (as described below), the implantis more easily released. Finally, the rear portion 117 preferably has alength such that it fits within the thickness or profile of the inserterafter the implant is released so that is does not snag or otherwisecatch on tissue as the inserter is removed from the body followingplacement of the implant.

The inserter 100 further includes an implant holding element 118 that ismovably coupled to the inserter device in an area towards the proximalend of the inserter device, such that it can be moved relative to thefirst inserter device as indicated by the arrow shown in FIG. 13. Thepurpose for this will become apparent from the further descriptionbelow. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the implant holdingelement 118 is comprised of single and double wire sections, which areheld in place at multiple points. In the present embodiment, thesemultiple points include capture element 122, pass through elements 132,114, and finger pad 140. Preferably, the finger pad 140 includes aprojection 190 that extends between the two wires 191 a, 191 b, and actsas a stop against the portion at which the two wires come together 192to limit retraction of the implant holding element.

The distal end 120 of the implant holding element is removably coupledto the first inserter device, preferably by being received by a captureelement 122 at the distal end of the inserter. By manipulation of theimplant holding device by a user, however, the distal end of the implantholding element can be subsequently released from the capture element.In particular, movement of the implant holding device in the directionof the arrow shown in FIG. 13 will move the implant holding device to asecond position shown in FIG. 12 a wherein the implant holding elementdoes not extend through the pass through element and is not receivedwithin the capture element. In this second position it also will notextend through the implant, thereby releasing the implant from theinserter device as will be readily understood by the further descriptionbelow.

In the illustrated embodiment, the capture element 122 projects upwardlyfrom a top surface of the stiffening element, and has an aperture 124therein dimensioned to receive the distal end of the implant holdingelement. The capture element 122 also serves a second function in thatit provides a buffer for the implant as it is inserted. Although this isa preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art will readily recognizethat various forms and configurations for this capture element arepossible so long as it serves the purpose of removably receiving thedistal end of the implant holding element.

The inserter also preferably includes one or more pass through element(i.e., 132, 114) projecting upwardly from its top surface, and includingone or more openings (i.e., 134, 119) therethrough. The openings may beof any configuration or shape so long as they allow the implant holdingelement to pass therethrough as shown best in FIG. 14. This feature atleast partially maintains the position of the implant holding elementrelative to the inserter. Although the illustrated pass through elementsare formed integral with the inserter, any pass through element suitablefor at least partially maintaining the position of the capture elementrelative to the inserter could be used, such as suture loops or thelike.

As indicated, the presently described inserter is particularly suitedfor use in conjunction with an implant similar in construction to thatdescribed in connection with FIG. 10, but having fixation elements 140of the configuration shown in FIG. 14, which includes eithersubstantially flat side edges 195 a, 195 b, or rough cut side edges asdescribed above. In a preferred embodiment, the outermost width w₂ ofthe implant relative to the outermost width w₁ of the inserter has aratio of approximately 1.4:1. This ratio is preferred to achieve abalance between insertion forces and user control as the implant isinserted into the connective tissue as described below. Lower and higherratios offer different results depending on surgical needs and/or thetype of tissue being penetrated. For example, lower ratios such asbetween 0.7 and 1.4 can increasingly reduce the insertion force anddecrease the frictional forces of the implant on the surrounding tissue.These lower ratios, however, may offer less user control. Higher ratios,such as between 1.4 and 2.8 can increasingly raise the insertion forceif used in tough tissue, but may not increase the insertion force insoft tissue.

Preferably, each of the fixation elements 140 are secured to the distalend region of the inserter device via the implant holding element 118 asshown. In the illustrated embodiment, the implant holding element 118extends along and substantially adjacent to the top surface 119 of thefirst inserter device until it reaches the substantially planar region.At some point along the substantially planar region it begins to extendaway from the first inserter device so as to leave a space therebetweenas shown in FIG. 13. While spaced apart from the first inserter device,the implant holding device passes through the aperture 134 in the firstpass through element 132, with its distal end 120 subsequently beingreceived within the capture element 122. As shown in FIG. 14, to securethe implant to the inserter, the implant holding element extendsupwardly through the implant before its distal end is received withinthe capture element 122. Preferably, the implant includes one or moreapertures 135 extending therethrough to facilitate extension of theimplant holding element through it, and to permit the pass throughelement 132 to extend upwardly through it as well.

According to one embodiment, the inserter 100 further includes agripping element or finger pad 140 or the like positioned in thevicinity of the proximal end of the device. The gripping element isfixedly secured to the first inserter device 102 and has anyconfiguration suitable to enhance gripping and manipulation of thedevice. In the illustrated embodiment, the gripping element isconfigured to receive a user's index finger. Additionally it has atapered distal end to allow easy entry as the inserter 100 is pushedinto the body. The finger pad 140 may also contains radio opaquematerial commonly used in medical devices to aid in determining if alost or missing component has not been accidentally left in the patient.The inserter also may include one or two protective covers (not shown)over the cutting edge of the stiffening element to protect againstdamage or injury from the cutting edge prior to insertion.

The inserter provides several distinct advantages when inserting theimplants described herein, as it allows the implant to be secured to theinsertion device in a manner that minimizes the profile of the overallsystem. This is important in applications such as those described abovebecause it is desirable to minimize tissue trauma other than that whichis directly necessary to insert the implant. This is also important forvisualization when placing the implant, as it is critical that theinserter minimize obstructing the surgeon's view during implantation.Another important aspect of the presently described inserter is that itprovides a means by which to release the implant following properplacement without further manipulation of the implant. Further, theinserter 100 in combination with the described implant allows forforward and reverse adjustment of the implant before final release, andenables superior tactile feel by the surgeon before release. This is asignificant advantage in that proper sling placement and tension can beachieved using the inserter device, and once this proper placement isachieved the implant is released without further movement. This iscontrary to presently existing sling implants, where the mesh isinitially implanted, then subsequently adjusted by pulling on the endsor center of the sling. Finally, the inserter device is designed so thatit is not situated between the implant and the urethra (as compared toan insertion device that might “sandwich” the mesh between two opposingcomponents) during placement of the implant, which has advantages withregard to proper positioning of the implant and visualization.

Another advantageous feature of the inserter of the present invention isthat at least the cross-section of the curved portion 110 of the firstinserter device has a substantially “v” shaped configuration 151, as canbest be seen in FIG. 15 b. This “v” shaped configuration enables thewidth w₃ of the curved portion to be reduced relative to the outermostwidth w₁ of the inserter, while still maintaining sufficient strength.It has been found that the reduced width relieves pressure against theurethra during placement of the implant. A larger width can placepressure against the urthra and cause a false positive, resulting inincorrect mesh placement after the inserters are removed. In a preferredembodiment the ratio of widths w₁ to w₃ is 2:1

Preferred methods for using the insertion device of FIG. 12-14 will nowbe described in detail with reference to FIGS. 15 a-c and 16. An implant2 having fixation elements 16 is preferably provided to a user with twoinserters such as that described above, each secured to one end of theimplant as shown in FIG. 15 b. The patient is prepped for the procedureby draining the bladder, anesthetizing using local, regional or generalanesthesia, and subsequently being placed in the lithotomy position.Using either forceps or an Allis clamp, the vaginal wall is grasped ateach side of the urethra. A sagital incision about 1.5 cm long, startingapproximately 1.0 cm from the external urethral meatus, is then madeusing a scalpel or the like. The incision will cover the mid-urethralzone and will allow for subsequent passage of the implant. Then, with asmall pair of blunt scissors, two small paraurethral dissections ofapproximately 1.0 cm are made.

The proximal end 106 of one of the inserters is then grasped using anystandard needle driver or holder 150 or the like, clamping over theholding element 118. For the “U” placement the distal end 108 of theinserter device is then oriented in approximately the 11 o'clockposition towards the ipsilateral shoulder. With an index finger on thefinger pad, the first 152 inserter and attached implant is insertedthrough the vaginal incision and first pre-dissected paraurethraldissection as shown in FIG. 15 a, with the distal end of the insertdevice remaining in close contact with the inferior-posterior aspect ofthe pubic bone so that the implant is inserted into the connectivetissue of the urogenital diaphragm. Insertion should stop when theinsertion device is firmly in the connective tissue (approximately 4 cmfrom the distal end of the fixation element). The needle driver/holderis then uncoupled from the first inserter and coupled with the secondinserter 154 in the same way. The process is then repeated on the otherside of the urethra 156, leaving the insertion devices/implants as shownin FIG. 15 b. The tape 4 should be placed tension free under themid-urethra. Adjustments can be made as needed by further insertion orretraction with the first 152 or second 154 inserters. The implant isthen released from both the first 152 and second 154 insertion devicesby pulling on the respective implant holding elements 158, 160 as shownin FIG. 15 c, rather than the mesh as is the case with other knowndevices. The insertion devices are removed and the incision closed,thereby completing the procedure.

According to another preferred method, the implant can be placed in amore lateral position as shown in FIG. 16, know to those skilled in theart as the “hammock” position. The procedure is substantially the sameas that described above, except that the first inserter 152 is orientedin approximately the 9 o'clock position or parallel to the floor at anangle of approximately 45 degrees from the midline, towards theischiopubic ramus. The distal end of the insertion device is inserted inclose contact with the bone, but towards the obturator internus muscle,within which it is firmly secured. Adjustment is done with the inserter100, not by pulling on the mesh.

The implants described herein may be advantageously implanted in apatient without the use of needles that pass through the whole body andwithout the need to form incisions in the abdominal wall, largepre-dissected tracts, or upper leg of the patient, and further withoutthe need for bone anchors of the like. Not only is the procedure lessemotionally traumatic to the patient than conventional proceduresemploying elongated curved needles, or hooked device that are used tosnag and drag the mesh through the body, but also less invasive, as noincisions to the abdominal wall or upper leg of the patient arerequired. Because the actual implant of the present invention is smallerthan conventional implants, this can potentially result in less surgicalcomplications, less mesh rejections, and/or less mesh infections, and ashortened surgical procedure.

With the “U” implant placement of the present invention, the surgicalimplantation procedure may be performed on an outpatient basis underlocal, regional, or general anesthesia. Also, the procedure forimplantation requires the use of a cystoscope, although the passage hasless risk, as with all surgical procedures that pass near a structurethere is always a risk of injury. The safety of the patient is furtherimproved during the surgical implantation procedure, as there is lesschance for complications due to the fact that there is no need to directthe “U” implant placement if done properly does not travel near thebladder or bowel or any large vessels as devices minimally invasiveplacement is intended to be at the lower edge of the pubic synthesis inthe connective tissue near the pubic bone.

The “hammock” placement may similarly be performed on an outpatientbasis under local, regional, or general anesthesia. The safety of thepatient is even further improved over the “U” during the surgicalimplantation procedure, as there is no risk, if done correctly, to thebladder or bowel or any large vessels since the device path is not intothe space of retzius. Additionally, the present invention offers yetfurther safety to currently known “hammock” type procedures that pass byor near the obturator bundle, which contains the nerve and artery. Theimplant of the present invention is preferably affixed into theinternous muscle and it is not large enough to pass near the obturatorbundle.

As indicated previously, although the present invention has beendescribed in detail in relation to a sub-urethral tape, the invention isnot so limited. The fixation elements described above can beincorporated to serve as fixation points for any type of mesh used insurgical procedures, such as pelvic floor repair or hernia repair, orplastic surgery, or restructuring of tissue. For example a mesh 70 suchas shown in FIG. 11 (the shape is for illustrative purposes only, as anyshaped mesh can be used) can incorporate one or more connection regions72 to which fixation elements 16 can be secured. In the case of pelvicfloor repair, for example, the mesh could be sized and shaped to treat acystocele, with the mesh being secured in place using the fixationelements in a manner similar to that described above. For any and allplastic surgery used to change tissue position, for example, the devicemay look similar to the present invention and the insertion deviceshape, any width ratios of the inserter to implant, use of a covering,connection method and size may be altered to suit to th surgicalapplication being attempted.

Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is tobe understood that the invention is not limited to those preciseembodiments and that various other changes and modifications may beeffected herein by one skilled in the art without departing from thescope or spirit of the invention, as is limited only by the appendedclaims.

1. An implant for use in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence ina patient, comprising: an implantable, elongated tape having amultiplicity of openings formed through the thickness thereof, the tapehaving a first end region and a second end region longitudinallyopposite the first end region; and first and second bio-compatiblefixation elements attached to the first and second end regions of thetape respectively, each bio-compatible fixation element having a tissueadherence property greater than that of the tape.
 2. The implantaccording to claim 1, wherein the implant has a length of approximately5 to 10 centimeters.
 3. The implant according to claim 1, wherein thetape is comprised of a polypropylene mesh or netting.
 4. The implantaccording to claim 1, wherein the implant further comprises a sheathsubstantially covering the tape.
 5. The implant according to claim 1,wherein the fixation elements substantially surround the first andsecond end regions of the tape respectively.
 6. The implant according toclaim 1, wherein each fixation element further comprises a central bodyportion and a plurality of spaced apart finger portions extendingoutwardly laterally from the central body portion.
 7. The implantaccording to claim 1, wherein the tape includes a top side and a bottomside, the top side have a first marking thereon and the bottom sidehaving a second marking thereon, the second marking being different fromthe first marking to thereby distinguish the top side from the bottomside.
 8. The implant according to claim 1, wherein the tape includes aplurality of spaced apart filament tangles attached thereto.
 9. Theimplant according to claim 1, wherein each fixation element is made froma material fabricated from a composite of a first polymer and a secondpolymer, the first polymer being prepared from monomers selected fromthe group of lactide and glycolide, and the second polymer being apoly(p-dioxanone) polymer, rich in poly(p-dioxanone).
 10. The implantaccording to claim 9, wherein the first polymer is 10/90poly(L(−)-lactide-co-glycolide), and the second polymer ispoly(p-dioxanone).
 11. The implant according to claim 10, wherein thefirst polymer is 95/5 poly(L(−)-lactide-co-glycolide), and the secondpolymer is poly(p-dioxanone).
 12. The implant according to claim 1,wherein the fixation elements are made from ETHISORB® Dura Patch. 13.The implant according to claim 1, wherein the fixation elements have asubstantially rectangular, planar configuration.
 13. The implantaccording to claim 1, wherein the fixation elements have an outermostwidth substantially equal to a width of the tape.
 14. An implant for usein the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in a patient,comprising: an implantable, elongated tape having a multiplicity ofopenings formed through the thickness thereof, the tape having a firstend region and a second end region longitudinally opposite the first endregion; and first and second bio-compatible fixation elements attachedto the first and second end regions of the tape respectively, eachbio-compatible fixation element having a stiffness greater than that ofthe tape.
 15. The implant according to claim 14, wherein the fixationelements have a substantially rectangular, planar configuration.
 16. Theimplant according to claim 14, wherein the fixation elements have anoutermost width substantially equal to a width of the tape.
 17. Theimplant according to claim 14, wherein, when implanted, the implant hasa length approximately within the range of 5 to 10 centimeters.
 18. Theimplant according to claim 14, the tape is comprised of a polypropylenemesh or netting.
 19. The implant according to claim 14, wherein eachfixation element is made from a material fabricated from a composite ofa first polymer and a second polymer, the first polymer being preparedfrom monomers selected from the group of lactide and glycolide, and thesecond polymer being a poly(p-dioxanone) polymer, rich inpoly(p-dioxanone).
 20. The implant according to claim 21, wherein thefirst polymer is 10/90 /poly(L(−)-lactide-co-glycolide), and the secondpolymer is poly(p-dioxanone).
 21. The implant according to claim 20,wherein the first polymer is 95/5 poly(L(−)-lactide-co-glycolide), andthe second polymer is poly(p-dioxanone).
 22. The implant according toclaim 14, wherein the fixation elements are made from ETHISORB® Durapatch.
 23. A method of implanting an implant in a patient for thetreatment of stress urinary incontinence, the method comprising thesteps of: providing an implant including an implantable, elongated tapeportion having a multiplicity of openings formed through the thicknessthereof, and having a first end region and a second end regionlongitudinally opposite the first end, and first and secondbio-compatible fixation elements attached to the first and second endregions of the tape respectively, each bio-compatible fixation elementhaving a tissue adherence property greater than that of the tape; makingan incision in the vaginal wall of the patient; inserting the firstfixation element and attached tape through the incision and into thepelvic or any obturator tissue of the patient on one lateral side of theurethra and without exiting the body; inserting the second fixationelement and attached tape through the incision and into the pelvic orany obturator tissue of the patient and on an opposite lateral side ofthe urethra without exiting the body such that the tape forms a looppartially around the urethra to provide support for the urethra; andleaving the implant implanted in the body of the patient.
 24. Theimplant according to claim 15, wherein each fixation element furthercomprises a central body portion and a plurality of spaced apart fingerportions extending outwardly laterally from the central body portion.24. A method of implanting an implant in a patient for the treatment ofstress urinary incontinence, the method comprising the steps of:providing an implant including an implantable, elongated tape portionhaving a multiplicity of openings formed through the thickness thereof,and having a first end region and a second end region longitudinallyopposite the first end, and first and second bio-compatible fixationelements attached to the first and second end regions of the taperespectively, each bio-compatible fixation element having a stiffnessand/or tissue adherence property greater than that of the tape; makingan incision in the vaginal wall of the patient; inserting the firstfixation element and attached tape through the incision and intoconnective tissue attached to the pubic bone to a first side of thepatient's urethra; inserting the second fixation element and attachedtape through the incision and into connective tissue attached to thepubic bone on the opposite side of the patient's urethra such that thetape forms a loop partially around the urethra to provide support forthe urethra; and leaving the implant implanted in the body of thepatient.
 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the first andsecond inserting steps further comprise inserting the first and secondfixation elements respectively into connective tissue at the lower edgeof the pubic synthesis.
 26. An implant for medical procedures,comprising: a mesh structure having a multiplicity of openings formedthrough the thickness thereof, the mesh structure having at least afirst connection region and a second connection region; and first andsecond bio-compatible fixation elements attached to the first and secondconnection regions respectively, the bio-compatible fixation elementseach having a tissue adherence property greater than that of the mesh.27. The implant according to claim 26, wherein each fixation element ismade from a material fabricated from a composite of a first polymer anda second polymer, the first polymer being prepared from monomersselected from the group of lactide and glycolide, and the second polymerbeing a poly(p-dioxanone) polymer, rich in poly(p-dioxanone).
 28. Theimplant according to claim 25, wherein the first polymer is 10/90poly(L(−)-lactide-co-glycolide), and the second polymer ispoly(p-dioxanone).
 29. The implant according to claim 28, wherein thefirst polymer is 95/5 poly(L(−)-lactide-co-glycolide), and the secondpolymer is poly(p-dioxanone).
 30. The implant according to claim 26,wherein the fixation elements are made from ETHISORB®Dura patch.
 31. Animplant for medical procedures, comprising: a mesh structure having amultiplicity of openings formed through the thickness thereof, the meshstructure having at least a first connection region and a secondconnection region; and first and second bio-compatible fixation elementsattached to the first and second connection regions respectively, thebio-compatible fixation elements having a substantially planar andrectangular configuration and having a stiffness greater than that ofthe mesh structure.
 32. The implant according to claim 31, wherein eachfixation element is made from a material fabricated from a composite ofa first polymer and a second polymer, the first polymer being preparedfrom monomers selected from the group of lactide and glycolide, and thesecond polymer being a poly(p-dioxanone) polymer, rich inpoly(p-dioxanone).
 33. The implant according to claim 32, wherein thefirst polymer is 10/90 poly(L(−)-lactide-co-glycolide), and the secondpolymer is poly(p-dioxanone).
 34. The implant according to claim 33,wherein the first polymer is 95/5 poly(L(−)-lactide-co-glycolide), andthe second polymer is poly(p-dioxanone).
 35. The implant according toclaim 31 wherein the fixation elements are made from ETHISORB® Durapatch.
 36. The implant according to claim 31, wherein the fixationelements have an outermost width substantially equal to a width of thetape.